Technical characteristics of lithium iron phosphate batteries

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) batteries use lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material and carbon (graphite) as the anode material, with a nominal cell voltage of 3.2V and a charge cut-off voltage of 3.6-3.65V. Its key advantages include very high thermal stability (decomposition temperature around 600°C), long cycle life (2000-7000 cycles), excellent safety (not prone to thermal runaway), relatively low cost, and being environmentally friendly and non-polluting. However, its disadvantages are lower energy density (120-180Wh/kg) and poor low-temperature performance.